Module 3
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What are Enzymes
Proteins that are not consumed in a reaction but can speed up a reaction.
What are the two types of Inhibition?
Competitive and Allosteric
What is Competitive inhibition?
When a chemical blocks an enzyme
What is Allosteric inhibition?
When the shape of the enzyme is changed.
what are Ribozymes
RNA molecules that catalyze chemical reactions
What are Cofactors
non protein components of enzymes that help to catalyze reactions
What is activation energy
kinetic energy required to break covalent bonds and allow reactions to occur.
What do enzymes do in terms of activation energy
Activation energy of a reaction is lowered by the addition of an enzyme compared to the substrate alone.
What is The Michaelis-Menten Model?
Mathematical relationship between [substrate] and the velocity of enzyme reactions.
How does temperature effect enzyme function?
As the temperature increases, more collisions occur causing an increase in enzyme activity, until the optimum temperature is reached where enzyme activity decreases rapidly to zero.
How does pH effect enzyme function?
Enzymes are effective at their optimum pH but activity rapidly nears zero when the pH is changed as the enzyme denatures if conditions are too acidic or alkaline
What does the first law of thermodynamics say?
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. Energy can be transferred.
What does the second law of thermodynamics say?
the entropy of the universe is always increasing.
What is entropy
Randomness/disorder
Is higher or lower entropy thermodynamically favorable?
Higher entropy is thermodynamically favorable.
What does Gibbs free energy tell us?
Whether a process will be spontaneous/ will happen on its own. If delta G is - the process is spontaneous. If delta G is + the process is not spontaneous.
Are reactions with a negative delta G endergonic or exergonic
exergonic, the reaction proceeds towards a state of lower free energy– spontaneous
Are reactions with a positive delta G endergonic or exergonic
endergonic, thermodynamically unfavorable and non-spontaneous
Define energy
the capacity to do work or produce heat
Define work
A force acting on something causing it to move.