Chapter 27 - Amines, amino acids and polymers (Module 6)
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what are amines
organic compounds where one or more hydrogens in NH3 are replaced by carbon chains or rings
What is a primary amine
one hydrogen in NH3 is replaced by a carbon chain or ring
What is a secondary amine
two hydrogen in NH3 is replaced by a carbon chain or ring
What is a tertiary amine
three hydrogen in NH3 is replaced by a carbon chain or ring
when a primary amine is bonded to the first carbon, what is the naming convention
add -amine to the end
when a primary amine is bonded to a carbon that is not the first what is the naming convention
position number, -amino
When two or more groups are attached to a nitrogen in an amine, what is the naming convention
N-alkyl - N-alkyl… amine
What is the name where a propyl and a butyl group are attached to a central amine
N-butyl-N-propylamine
What happens when an amine reacts as a base
a dative covalent bond forms between the lone pair on nitrogen and the H+ ion
how do amines neutralise acids
accept proton on nitrogen, positive charge on nitrogen forms ionic bond with the anion
how can an amine form from an ammonium salt
adding NaOH makes amine + Na salt + H2O
why is ethanol used as a solvent with amines
occupies the lone pair to prevent further substitution
why is excess ammonia used when making an ammonium salt from a haloalkane
reduces further substitution to secondary and tertiary amines
how does further substitution occur when making an amine from a haloalkane
lone pair on nitrogen reacts further with haloalkanes
how is phenylamine formed
add Sn with conc. HCl to nitrobenzene
what is an amino acid
an organic compound containing both amine and carboxylic acid functional groups
What is an alpha-amino acid
one where the NH2 is attached to the carbon next to the carboxylic acid
how many amino acids does the body have
20 common ones
what differs between alpha amino acids
the side chain, R, attached to the alpha carbon
What is the general formula of an alpha amino acid
RCH(NH2)COOH
what type of organic compounds do amino acids have similar reactions to
carboxylic acids and amines
how does the amine group in amino acids react with acids
make ammonium salts
What is formed when amino acids react with aqueous alkalis
carboxylate salts
what is formed when amino acids react with alcohols
esters