Ch01
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Charles Darwin created a “paradigm shift” that caused a scientific revolution that changes the way people think with his theory of evolution by…
Natural Selection
Name 2 main ideas that Darwin discovered that suggest everything on earth now is a result of evolutionary changes over time
1) descent with modification: species living today are descendat of past species that lived 2) natural selection, a mechanism of evolutionary change
Paradigm shifts lead to what statement?
“nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution” (Dobzhansky 1973, p. 125)
Define Evolutionary biology
the study of origin, maintenance & diversity of life
Define Genetic variation
the fabric of evolution that changes through time & descent with modification
How does Artificial Selection differs from Natural Selection?
Although they both lead to phenotypic changes over time, humans pick which organisms will reproduce in artificial selection unlike natural selection. ex. strawberries
Do bacteria also undergo natural selection?
Yes, antibiotic bacteria are increasing as we try to kill them. Their vast numbers by cell reproduction helps give them opportunities for mutations
Define Empirical Approaches
comparative studies using observation & manipulative experiments ex. genetic cross of flowers
If chimpanzee & human genomes differ only about 1.3% at level of DNA base pairs, how can we explain dramatic differences in appearance, behavior, cultures, etc., between humans & chimps?
gene expression of humans & chimps are different
Define theoretical approaches
studies involve mathematical models focusing on critical details of system ignoring least important factors. • Useful to make inferences ex. why is sex ratio usually 1:1?
Explain result of Fisher’s mathematical theory relating to sex ratio
must observe grandchildren to determine the benefits of the first generation. If one gender is more than the other, then reproduction will be limited
Butterfly infected with Wolbachia, disrupt their 1:1 sex ratio. How was this resolved?
over time the 1:1 sex ratio is restored due to changes in the butterfly