4.1.1 - Basics Concepts Of Organic Chemistry
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What is a homologous series?
A series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2.
What is the ending for an alkane?
-ane
What is the ending for a branched alkane?
-yl
What is the ending for an alkene?
-ene
What are the endings for the haloalkanes?
Chloro-/bromo-/iodo-
What is the ending for alcohols?
-ol
What is the ending for aldehydes?
-al
What do aldehydes have?
Carbon double bonded to oxygen and single bonded to hydrogen.
What is the ending for ketone?
-one
What is the formula for ketone?
Carbon bonded to 2 other carbons and double bonded to oxygen.
What is the ending for carboxylic acids?
-oic acid
What is the formula for carboxylic acids?
Carbon double bonded to oxygen and also to OH.
In nomenclature what is the 3rd stem?
Prop-
In nomenclature what is the nine stem?
Non-
In nomenclature what is the fourth stem?
But-
In nomenclature what is the 10th stem?
Dec-
What is a homologous series?
A series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2.
Structural isomers?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.
What happens in heterolytic fission?
Bond breaks unevenly with one of the bonded atoms receiving both electrons from the bonded pair.
What is homolytic fission?
Bonds break evenly and each bonding pair receives one electron from the bonded pair. Two radicals are formed.
Why are radicals very reactive?
Because of the unpaired electron.
What is a radical?
A species with an unpaired electron.
Why does stereoisomerism (E/Z) occur?
Restricted rotation around the carbon carbon double bond there are two different groups on each of the carbon carbon double bonds. Different arrangement in space.
Equation for the formation of bromine free radicals, and type of bond breaking?
Br2 -> 2Br. Homolytic fission