Microbiology Refresher - Bacteria
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Lobar bacteria is most likely what type of infection?
bacterial infection
What are the 3 questions to ask when identifying causative bacteria?
• what is the source of infection? • which pathogenic organism(s) could be responsible? • what do I know about the possible gram status of the responsible organism?
What type of cell has a cytoplasm, a nucleoid, but no membrane enclosed in a nucleus?
prokaryote (bacteria cell)
What contains a single-stranded DNA for reproductive purposes and a circular plasmid DNA?
prokaryote
There is enough difference between (1) of humans and bacteria that some antibiotics will impair function of (2) without killing the (3)
• ribosomes • ribosomes • host
What helps with locomotion is prokaryotes but is not present in all bacteria?
flagellum
What allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces such as teeth?
pili
What resides in the human microbiota and one or both organisms may benefit from this relationship?
commensal microorganism
If both human and commensal microorganism benefit in the relationship, what is it termed?
mutualistic relationship
What is a microorganism that is not typically a part of the human microbiota that may or may not not disease?
non-commensal microorganism
What can be commensal or non-commensal organisms that cause disease?
pathogen
What are the 4 different types of pathogen?
• obligate pathogen • commensal pathogen • zoonotic pathogen • environmental pathogen
What type of pathogen needs to be transmitted to survive?
obligate pathogen
What type of pathogen may be part of the microbiota but can also cause regular disease and does not require presence of disease to survive?
commensal pathogen
What type of pathogen is transmitted to human from animals directly (animal products via an insect vector), and does not require presence of disease to survive?
zoonotic pathogen
What type of pathogen includes a pathogenic microorganism that is acquired through exposure in the environment, such as water or soil, and does not require the presence of disease to survive?
environmental pathogen
What type(s) of pathogen(s) do not need the presence of disease to survive?
• commensal pathogen • zoonotic pathogen • environmental pathogen
What type of pathogen is Mycobacterium tuberculosis and why?
obligate pathogen needs to be transmitted to others, typically through coughing, to survive
What type of pathogen is Staphylococcus aureus and why?
commensal pathogen exists on skin, but can sometimes cause abscesses of the skin & does not require the presence of the abscess to exist or survive
What type of pathogen is Yersinia pestis and why?
zoonotic pathogen was carried by fleas carried on rats that travelled throughout Europe and Asia, causing a plague pathogen
What type of pathogen is Legionella pneumophila and why?
environmental pathogen resides in hot tubs and building water systems - does not require disease to survive
Describe obligate aerobes?
requires oxygen for growth
Describe obligate anaerobes?
cannot grow in presence of oxygen
Describe facultative anaerobes (aerobes)?
prefers oxygen for growth, but can grow in its absence