Introduction
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What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?
Transport • from external to internal environments • from cell to cell • materials leaving the body
Give an example of transport from external to internal environments
Oxygen Nutrients Water
Give an example of transport from cell to cell
Waste Immune system Hormones
Give an example of transport when materials leave the body
Metabolic waste Heat CO2
What is the basic arrangement of the cardiovascular system?
Right side of the heart Lungs (via pulmonary circulation) Left side of the heart Body (via systemic circulation)
The right and left side of the heart are in _____ with each other
series
What does the output of the right ventricle equal?
The output of the left ventricle
What is a vascular bed?
An organ
What is constant about blood reaching a vascular bed?
The oxygen level is the same at all vascular beds
What ensures blood flow is unidirectional?
One-way valves
What is systole?
Phase of ventricular contraction and ejection
What is diastole?
Phase of ventricular relaxation and filling
What is cardiac output?
Volume of blood pumped per minute
What determines cardiac output?
Stroke volume Heart rate
What is pulse pressure?
Systolic pressure - diastolic pressure
How do you work out arterial blood pressure?
Systolic pressure - diastolic pressure/ 3 + diastolic pressure
What determines pressure in the arterial system?
Resistance to blood flow Blood volume
What else does arterial blood pressure equal?
Cardic output x total peripheral resistance
What is vasodilation?
Widening of arterioles
What is vasoconstriction?
Narrowing of arterioles
What percentage of body weight is blood?
7%
How is arterial blood pressure regulated?
Negative feedback control