Making ethanol
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difference between spirits and non spirits
spirits have a higher ethanol concentration
How are carbohydrates formed?
from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in fruits/plants
fermentation
ethanol is produced from carbohydrates in aqueous solution by fermentation • fermentation of glucose • uses enzymes • produces CO2 and ethanol • can’t occur in oxygen as yeast fermentation is an anaerobic reaction glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide
differences between combustion and fermentation of glucose
combustion: • in oxygen/aerobic conditions • doesn’t require enzymes • doesn’t produce ethanol, but produces CO2 and water • produces more energy
yeast
a single celled fungus that provides enzymes for fermentation to happen
Why can fractional distillation be used to obtain a concentrated solution of ethanol (but not pure ethanol)?
• ethanol has a lower boiling point than water - the small amount of water that remains must be absorbed chemically
describe the process of fractional distillation to make ethanol from an ethanol solution
-ethanol solution is heated until it reaches its boiling point and evaporates • it then rises through the flask into the condenser, where it condenses back to a liquid • collects in the flask as pure ethanol -water from solution is left in starting flask as it hasn’t reached its boiling point • cold water enters the condenser to cool the gas down • it starts with less energy but more is transferred to it from the gas as it cools down, and the water leaves at a higher temperature with more energy
What is fermentation a type of?
anaerobic RESPIRATION