Unit 7 Bronze Round
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Describe an electric car
An automobile that uses one or more electric motors instead of an internal combustion engine
Describe three advantages of electric cars
Operation produces no exhaust, could reduce air pollution Use batteries, most likely won’t consume scarce petroleum resources Are quiet, reduce noise in congested areas
Describe 3 disadvantages of electric cars
Use lithium-ion batteries, the are expensive Have a limited range before their batteries need to be recharged More limited ranges in extreme weather conditions that require high use of electric power by heating or cooling system Charging takes for eve
Explain how electric cars add to pollution
Manufacturing of batteries cause pollution Electric power plants used to charge the cars will create more air pollution
Explain what petrochemicals are
Chemicals made from petroleum or natural gas
List three primary petrochemicals and what they are used to make
Toluene is used for making explosives Butadiene is used for making synthetic rubber Benzene used in manufacture of dyes and synthetic detergents
When did using petroleum and natural gas for chemicals become widespread?
Began in the 1920s When they became cheaper than getting coal
Explain how using petrochemicals helps manufacturers
Allows them to cheaply produce materials like plastic and synthetic fibers
Coal
Advantage Large Supply Disadvantage Can release toxins like mercury in the air
Natural Gas
Advantage Less Co2, released than other fossil fuels Disadvantage Methane can leak from pipes
Petroleum
Advantage Used in wide variety of products (plastic, etc) Disadvantage Extracting causes water pollution
Nuclear
Advantage Low risk of accidents Disadvantage Radioactive waste
Solar photovoltaic
Advantage Reduces use of fossil fuels (they will last longer Disadvantage Requires a very large installation area to produce a lot of power
Hydropower
Advantage Water control (flood control and water storage) Disadvantage Decrease flow of nutrients beyond the dam
Wind
Advantage Land below turbine can be used Disadvantage Spinning blades can kill bats, songbirds, and raptors
Biomass-biofuel
Advantage Can be added to gasoline Disadvantage Competition with cropland
Hydrogen
Advantage Made from water and exhaust is water Disadvantage Technology not here for widespread use
Fossil Fuel advantage
Can be used anywhere at anytime
Fossil Fuel Disadvantage
Releases CO2 in to the atmosphere
Coal Main Use
Making electricity
Petrochemicals
Paints Synthetic Fibers Medicine Plastics
Advantage of alternative
When it is in use, it doesn’t release CO2
Disadvantage of alternatives
Can’t be used anywhere at any time
More efficient use of energy
Home Energy efficient appliances Get same amount of work for less energy Doing full loads wash more clothes for the same amount of energy Insulation Slows movement of heat Same temperature longer for the same amount of energy Transportation Carpooling More people for the same amount of energy