Ch.6 - Energy and Metabolism

all molecules store energy and have different potential energy due to the arrangement of their atoms

study of energy transformation that occurs in a collection of matter (and the ability for energy to do work)

the total amount of energy in the universe stays constant and only change from one for to another

reducing the order of the universe and increasing it’s entropy and the spontaneous direction of energy flow is from organized energy to less organized

the sum of chemical activities within a living cell

sequence of enzyme-catalyzed reactions

ana- various pathways where complex molecules are synthesized from simple structures cata- pathways where larger molecules break down into smaller ones

each has a certain amount of bond energy and it’s equal to the total potential energy of the molecule

the amount of a system energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform thru the system in a living cell

a chemical reaction which proceeds on its own without any external influence (very important for cell respiration)

energy-releasing reaction where products contain less potential energy than reactant -happen alongside endergonic

energy-requiring reaction that’s products are rich in poetical energy - happens alongside exergonic

the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive the essential endergonic reaction

lowering the activation energy of specific biochemical reactions

the energy within it

it’s the amount of energy that reactants need to absorb before a reaction can begin

the energy barrier that prevents molecules from breaking down spontaneously

protein that serves as a biological catalyst

lock and key principle

-lower activation in specific reactions -allow fast approach to equilibrium

region of the surface where an enzyme and substrate binds and catalyst occurs

-cofactor = inorganic ions (iron, copper) -coenzyme = small carbon-containing molecules (CoA, NAD, FAD) -prosthetic group = molecules groups that are always bound to enzyme (heme, flavin)

energy currency of the living cell

lipid, starch or glycogen