Carbohydrates
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What are carbohydrates split into?
Starchy foods Sugary foods
What are the two main types of carbohydrate?
Complex Simple
What are sugars split into?
Intrinsic Extrinsic
What are intrinsic sugars?
Sugars contained in the cell wall Unprocessed foods Have no adverse effect on health e.g. fruit
What are extrinsic sugars?
Sugars not contained in the cell wall
What are extrinsic sugars split into?
Free sugars and milk sugars
What are free sugars?
Sugars that have been added to foods Have an adverse effect on health Will lead to health problems such as: Obesity, diabetes, tooth decay
What are milk sugars?
Sugars found naturally in dairy products Have no adverse effect on health e.g. Milk, yogurt
What are the functions of carbohydrates?
Energy Protein sparing Storage Dietary Fibre Synthesis of glycoprotein
How is energy a function of carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are the most efficient source of energy 1g = 4kcal
How is storage a function of carbohydrate?
Glycogen is formed and stored in the liver as a readily available source of energy Excess can be converted into fat and stored in the adipose tissue
How is protein sparing a function of carbohydrate?
You keep your protein for growth, repair and maintenance of the body and use carbohydrates as your main source of energy
How is synthesis of glycoprotein a function of carbohydrate?
Glycoproteins = proteins that have sugar attached to them Helps the immune, digestive and reproductive systems components of cellular membranes, blood & plasma
How is dietary fibre a function of carbohydrate?
‘Unavailable carbohydrates’
What is fibre split into?
Soluble Insoluble
What is soluble fibre?
Slows down release of glucose - lowers symptoms of diabetes Lowers LDL cholesterol Stops us feeling hungry
What is insoluble fibre?
Binds water in the intestine, increases bulk of faeces Prevents constipation Prevents bowel disorders
What are empty calories?
Food that provides you with only calories (energy) and no other nutrients
What does palatability mean?
Related to taste or mouth feel
Can sugar make you overweight?
Small amounts will not make you obese. High sugar diet may mean excess weight if calorie intake is higher than needed
What is the main cause of dental caries/ tooth decay?
Due to frequent snacking
Tooth decay is also due to:
Concentration of the sugar The period of contact your tooth had with sugar Age - tooth decay occurs quickly in children and reaches the nerve quicker
How does tooth decay occur?
Bacteria builds up on the surface of your teeth. If saliva does not neutralise the acid then it will attack the tooth. It will lead to the enamel eroding and will lead to the demineralisation of your tooth resulting in tooth decay/ caries
What are some factors that help prevent tooth decay?
Drink milk and have milk products Encourage drinking water Fluoride supplementation for the mineralisation of teeth Check food labels carefully