Institutions and the state
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What Describes an Institution?
A pattern of repeated behaviour that adds predictability to social life.
What is a formal Institution
A codified set of rules ex. Government institutions, political parties more formally constructed and legally based.
What is an informal institution?
A set of unwritten rules that arise do to social attitudes and preferences. Ex. ethnic group.
What three things do Institutions do?
1)Structure and constraint behaviour 2)Provide tools and resources 3)Help to solve issues that require collective action and cooperation
What two ideas summarize the Structure and Agency debate?
Structure may have an impact on political outcomes but Agencies also shape political outcome
What are three components to Giddeon’s Structration theory?
System structure structration
In Giddeons model system refers to?
The political system
In Giddeons model structure refers to?
Political institutions
In Giddeons model Structration is?
The factors that provide resources for change in the operation of the political system
What does state capacity refer to?
The ability of a government to administer and it’s territory effectively.
Describe “The state”
Highest level of sovereignty that a region / territory can achieve. The state it’s self can be described as numerous institutions working together to maintain stability and order
What 4 ways does state capacity come in?
Extractive capacity steering capacity legitimation capacity coercive capacity
Who said “War made the state and the state made war”?
Tilly, 1975
When did the modern state emerge?
The 17th century
What are some consequences to state development?
When modern states arise permanent beuracracies tend to follow
What are some negative but key aspects of the modern state?
1)Impersonal 2)Rule-based 3)Goal oriented 4)merit and performance based promotion
What was the point of colonialism? What were some of its impacts?
Was meant to be extractive and provide more resources for the colonizing nation. Because of this Europeon bureaucratic structure as well as their institutions were adopted by post colonial nations.
What is a patrimonial state?
A state in which the ruler claims the realm or territory as their own personal property - problematic ideology low key
Why did countries adopt the western state model for themselves? What did this create?
To compete with Europe , it created a state system that branched globally
What are the two functions or roles of the modern state?
Internal - the state acts as a tool External - the state manages relations with other states and protects it’s population from forge in affairs
What 3 things do string states have the capacity to do?
Provide human security Posses Predictable ways of adjusting freedom of participation tolerance for dissent civil and human rights
What is law boundedness a major factor of?
The idea of the modern state
Before the state what existed as the source of law?
Religion or clan groups
What is legal positivism?
It is summarized as the western perception that law is what the state says it is