Organic Chemistry l
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What are the fractions of crude oil? (Low BP to High BP)
Refinery Gases Gasoline Kerosine Diesel Fuel Oil Bitumen (Rich, Girls, Kiss, Dumb, Football, Boys)
What are Refinery gases used for?
Heating and cooking
What is Gasoline used for?
Cars
What is Kerosene used for?
Planes
What is Diesel used for?
Lorries
What is Fuel Oil used for?
Ships
What is Bitumen used for?
Tarmac
What is a hydrocarbon?
An compound made up of only hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms
How does Fractional Distillation work?
• Heated crude oil vapours enter the column • Vapours rise until they reach their boiling boing, when they condense • Different vapours condense at different heights due to their different boiling points • Similar vapours condense together as a fraction
What are the temperatures for each fraction?
Refinery Gases - -50 Gasoline - 50-100 Kerosene - 180-220 Diesel - 220-250 Fuel oil - 250-350 Bitumen - 350+
What are the chain lengths for each fraction?
C1 - C4 C5 - C10 C10 - C16 C14 - C20 C50 - C70 C70+
What is the general formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2
What is the formula for Methane?
CH4
What is the formula for Ethane?
C2H6
What is the formula for propane?
C3H8
What is the formula for Butane?
C4H10
What is the formula for pentane?
C5H12
What are isomers?
Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different displayed formula
What are the characteristics of homologous series?
Similar chemical properties Trends in physical properties Same general formula
What is empirical formula?
Simplest whole number ratio
When does complete combustion occur?
When there is an excess of oxygen
What are the products of complete combustion?
Carbon dioxide and Water
When does incomplete combustion occur?
When there is not enough oxygen
What are the products produced in incomplete combustion? What are the dangers of incomplete combustion?
Carbon Monoxide (CO) - A toxic gas - Attaches to haemoglobin and lower oxygen carrying capacity of blood Soot (C) - causes lung disease