Mole shoit
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Elements
● All substances are made up of certain element(s). ● An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by chemical means. ● It consists of only one type of atoms that are chemically combined.
Compounds
● A compound is formed from two or more different elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio. ● Compounds have different properties from the elements that they are made from.
Mixtures
● Mixtures contain more than one element and/or compound that are not chemically bonded together and so retain their individual properties. ● Mixtures can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous.
homogeneous
A homogeneous mixture has a uniform appearance and composition throughout (e.g. salt solution, air, alloys)
heterogeneous
A heterogeneous mixture consists of visibly different substances or phases (e.g. sand and water, soil).
Macroscopic differences:
○ Shape ○ Volume
Microscopic differences:
Arrangement of particles ○ Speed of particles ○ Attraction forces
Physical changes
● In a physical change, no new substances are produced. ● Changes of state are physical changes - such as melting, boiling, freezing, condensation.
sublimation
solid to gas
Chemical changes
● A chemical change results in the formation of new chemical substances. ● In a chemical reaction, the atoms in the reactants are rearranged to form new products.