ch 12

_____ is the process of taking legal action.

Most state judges _____.

Retired Supreme Court Justice _____ has been an especially vocal critic of electing judges, calling judicial campaigns “tawdry and embarrassing.”

_____ courts are the first level of federal courts, which actually try the cases

_____ courts are the second stage of federal courts; they review the trial record of cases decided in the lower court to ensure they were settled properly.

The principle of _____ enables the courts to check the other two branches of government.

Judicial review is _____.

_____ allows the Supreme Court to take a vigorous or active approach when reviewing the other governmental branches.

_____holds that the Supreme Court should overturn the elected branches of government reluctantly and as a last resort.

_____is a system of law developed by judges in deciding cases over the centuries.

A judge that makes a legal decision on a case today may look at past case law and follow the concept of _____.

A person charged with theft will face the rules and consequences under _____.

____ courts operate with four different kinds of restraints: they have no electoral base; they have relatively limited resources; they are by definition reactive decision-makers; and they must rely on other branches for enforcement.

A/An _____ brief is submitted to the Court by a person or group that is not a direct party to the case.

The Supreme Court process of selecting a case for review is known as the

A party must have _____ to have a case heard by the Supreme Court.

Supreme Court Justices are inclined to grant certiorari to cases in which _____.

The official statement of the Court is known as _____.

“Stand by the things decided” is the definition for _____.

Political scientists have generally found that justices’ decisions are most closely tied to _____.