IB Biology: Level 3 - Prokaryotic/Eukaryotic Cells 1.2
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70S
the size of prokaryotic ribosomes.
80S
the size of eukaryotic ribosomes.
Archaea
a domain of prokaryotes.
Bacteria
a domain of prokaryotes.
Binary fission
method of prokaryotic cell division.
Cell wall
non-living carbohydrate-based extracellular material.
Compartmentalization
seen in eukaryotes; consequence of organelles being membrane-bound.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
site of synthesis of proteins destined for export or for secretion.
Eukaryote
organisms with membrane-bound nuclei.
Exocrine glands
glands that secrete their products into ducts.
Extracellular matrix
a network of material that is secreted by cells that serves to support, strengthen, and organize cells.
Flagellum
a relatively long extension of the cell used in locomotion.
Golgi body
a eukaryotic organelle that modifies proteins after translation.
Histone
a protein associated with DNA that plays a role in gene expression and the packing of DNA.
Lysosome
a cellular organelle involved in cellular digestion.
Naked DNA
DNA not associated with histones or histone-like proteins.
Nucleoid
a region of the prokaryotic cell where DNA is located.
Nucleus
membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotes that contains DNA; it is the site of replication and transcription.
Organelle
a sub-cellular structure or membrane-bound compartment with a distinct structure and function.
Palisade mesophyll
photosynthetic tissue below the epidermis in a leaf.
Pilli
extensions of the prokaryotic cell surface membrane used for reproduction.
Plasmid
extra-chromosomal DNA in a prokaryote.
Prokaryote
category of a cell without a membrane-bound nucleus: archaea and bacteria.
rER
rough ER - ER with ribosomes attached.