Final Review: Unit 8
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what cells do mitosis
somatic
what cells do meiosis
sex
are somatic cells diploid or haploid
diploid
are sex cells diploid or haploid
haploid
mitosis
division of somatic cells for grow and repair
meiosis
division of sex cells such as gametes or sperm or egg
does mitosis or meiosis lead to genetically different daughter cells
meiosis
homologous chromosomes
chromosomes that are typically paired together with nearly identical DNA, same size and shape, same genes, but different alleles
alleles
different versions of genes
karyotype
all chromosomes and genes in a cell arranged in homologous pairs, in order from longest to shortest, and sex chromosomes at the end
n=23 is
haploid
2n=46 is
diploid
fertilization
when sperm and egg fuse together
what does fertilization result in
zygote
what is different about meiosis than mitosis
two rounds of cell division
meiosis 1
homologs line up and separate
meiosis 2
sister chromatids lin eup and separate
every phase of meiosis
interphase, prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase 1, cytokinesis, prophase 2, metaphase 2, anaphase 2, telophase 2, cytokinesis
interphase in meiosis
dna replication that only occurs before prophase 1
prophase 1
nuclear membreane dissolves, chromosomes condense, spindles form, chromosomes pair with homolog and form tetrad
tetrad
when homologous chromosomes pair together
crossing over
when homologous chromosomes exchange DNA at the start of meiosis 1 during prophase 1
what happens in crossing over
fragment of one chromosome exchanges with fragment of its homolog
where does crossing over occur
chiasma