4.5 Organic 1
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what is crude oil
A mixture of hydrocarbons
what are hydrocarbons
A compound made up of only hydrogen and Carbon only
what is the name of the process use to separate pure water from sea water
Simple Distillation
Identify the method used to separate the dyes in a food colouring
Chromatography
Identify the method use to obtain ethanol from a mixture of ethanol and water
Fractional Distillation
Name the process used to separate potassium Nitrate from potassium nitrate solution
Crystallisation
what is each fraction of crude oil
A mixture of similar Hydrocarbons with similar boiling points
Name the 6 Fractions in crude oil
Refinery Gasoline Kerosene Diesel Fuel oil Bitumen
what is the use of each Fraction
Refinery- Cooking Gasoline- Cars Kerosene- Aircraft Diesel- Trains Fuel oil- Ships Bitumen- Roads
what happens as you go down the fraction list
the boiling point increases Molecular mass increases The colour gets darker down the list Viscosity (thickness) increases down the list
How does Fractional Distillation Work
• Heated Crude oil vapours enter the column • Vapours rise until they reach their boiling point, when they condense. • Different Vapours condense at different heights due to their different boiling points • Similar vapours condense together as a fraction • Lower boiling points condense at the top • Higher boiling points condense at the bottom
What are fractions
Are mixtures containing the hydrocarbons that boil in a particular temperature range.
what are Alkanes
Alkanes are hydrocarbons that fit the general formula CnH2n+2
what is the general formula for Alkanes
CnH2n+2
what bonds join the c and H atoms
covalent bonds
what does the name of each alkane show
the start shows how many carbon atoms it has The end of the names is ane- which shows it is an alkane
what is the molecular formula for Methane
CH4
what is the molecular formula for Ethane
C2H6
What is the molecular formula for Propane
C3H8
what is the Molecular formula for Butane
C4H10
What is the molecular formula for pentane
C5H12
alkanes are what
Homologous series
Because alkanes are homologous series what does this mean
Similar chemical reactions trends in physical properties (boiling points, viscosity, colour) The same general formula same functional group
What is the definition of Isomers
Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae