Organic Compounds
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How is an alkene structured?
It is unsaturated and contains a double C-C bond.
How is an alkyl structured?
It is unsaturated and contains a C-C triple bond.
How is an alcohol structured?
It is any molecule with an -OH functional group.
What is the difference between a primary and a secondary alcohol?
A primary alcohol means that the hydroxyl (OH) group is connected to a carbon which is bonded with a maximum of one other carbon atom. A secondary alcohol contains a hydroxyl group connected to a carbon which has two carbon atoms neighbouring it.
How is an aldehyde structured?
R-CHO (where C=O is a double bond).
How are ketones structured?
R-C=O-R’ where R and R’ are alkyl groups
How are carboxylic acids structured?
They are a combination of a carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydroxyl group (-OH)
How are esters structured?
R-COO-R’ (where the isolated, non-bonding C-O is a double bond) Also, note that esters are formed via the combination of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, with the formation of water (two H and one O are ejected) when the ester forms.
How is an aromatic compound structured?
A ring of carbon atoms, which are bonded to each other in a specific ‘delocalised’ way (i.e. in between a single and a double bond).
How is an alkane structured?
It is saturated, i.e. all bonds are single C-H bonds.