The Atmosphere (4.5, 4.11,4.12)
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What is the cryosphere?
Comprised of all of the earths ice
Give 3 affects that global warming has on snow and ice?
Reduced length of snow cover —> reduced albedo affect, earth absorbs more solar radiation Meltwater from the surface of glaciers flows through gaps to the bottom of glaciers causing them to move faster , furthermore making the glacier retreat quickly Front ice wall of lakes can melt —> flash floods
What is the effect of global warming on glaciers?
The front end of glaciers melt Meltwater lubricates the ice making it move faster The front of the glacier can move further up the valley and it can retreat
What is an ice shelf?
A floating mass of ice attached to ice on the land
Why do ice shelves not directly cause further rise to sea levels?
They are already floating in the water and have already displaced the sea water
Why is it a problem if grounded ice shelves break up?
They may float up easier causing ice to break of earlier causing more thermal expansion of seawater.
How does sea ice form?
Forms as ice crystallises in the sea
What happens to ice lakes in global warming?
The front wall of the ice lake may break off causing flash floods —> can be very damaging to settlements in the Himalayas
What happens to snow fed rivers in global warming?
Rivers fed by meltwater is better than rainwater as its more even Or Increased temperatures can cause a spring thaw and snow accumulations can suddenly melt causing a rapid increase in river capacity
How is glaciers meltwater reduction bad for society?
Less hydro electric power is generated so people have to revert to fossil fuels Lower levels of food production People don’t have clean freshwater
What negative impacts can drier valleys have from global warming?
Drought conditions Risk of wildfires
What can glaciers meltwater be used for in society?
Irrigating crops Drinking water hydroelectric power
Outline the importance of the thermal expansion of seawater in sea level rise?
When water heats up it expands, density of seawater also decreases; oceans would simply occupy more space than usual
How does global warming affect the crysopshere (basic)?
Loss of ice thickness and areas of it
Why is ozone reacttive?
A lone pair of electrons
How does ozone form?
Oxygen rises to the stratosphere and it forms ozone under the conditions of UV radiation
Where is most ozone formed?
Over the equator and tropics
Why is estimating ozone and ozone depletion difficult?
Ozone varies spatially and seasonally
What is the measure of ozone in?
Dobson units (du) 1du = 0.01mm
What is Dobson units of?
A measure of thickness of ozone would be if all the molecules where compressed
What are CFCs?
Chlorofluorocarbons
Where is the thinnest level of ozone in the stratosphere?
Poles specifically Antarctica
Give 3 properties and uses of CFCs?
Non flammable = fire extinguisher Boiling points = refrigerants Solvents = cleaning electrical equipment
What is chlorine?
A radical