Chapter 14
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Joule
Si unit for work
Power
Power =work/ time Rate of doing work
Watt
Si unit of power, equals one joule per second
Horsepower
Equals 746 watts, Common unit of power
Machine
Device that changes force
Input force
Force you exert on a machine
Input distance
Distance the input force acts through
Work input
Work done by the input force acting through the input distance
Output force
Work exerted by the machine
Output distance
Distance the output force is exerted
Work output
Output force X the output distance
Mechanical advantage
Number of times a machine increases input force
Actual mechanical advantage
Actual mechanical advantage= output force/ input force Ratio of output force to input force
Ideal mechanical advantage
Mechanical advantage in the absence of friction always more then the actual mechanical advantage
Efficiency
Work input Always less then 100% because friction is always present.
Lever
Ridged bar able to move around a fix point Light switch
Fulcrum
Fixed point a bar rotates around
Input arm
Part of a lever that is the distance between the output force and the fulcrum .
Output arm
Distance between the output arm and the fulcrum Part of a lever
Wheel and axle
Consists of two disks or cylinders each with a different radius. Skew driver, steering wheel
Inclined plane
Slanted surface along which a force moves on object to a different elevation. A ramp
Wedge
V-shaped object whose sides are two inclined planes sloped toward each other.
Screw
Include plane wrapped around a cylinder When the threads are closer there is a higher mechanical advantage
Pulley
Rope that fits into a grove on a wheel. Produces on output force that is different in size, direction, or both from that of the input force.