Muscular System and Muscle Tissue
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4 functions of the muscular system
• BODY MOVEMENT • STABILIZATION of body position • MOVEMENT OF MATERIALS through the body • TEMPERATURE regulation (generates ~85% of body heat)
3 types of muscle tissue
• Skeletal muscle • Cardiac muscle • Smooth muscle
5 characteristics of all muscle cells
• Excitability • Conductivity • Contractility • Extensibility • Elasticity
Ability to respond to stimuli
Excitability
Characteristic of muscle cell that allows a nerve impulse to be carried deep into the cell
Conductivity
Ability to shorten
Contractility
Ability to lengthen
Extensibility
Ability to return to its original shape
Elasticity
Contracts to move the bones
Skeletal muscle
Contracts voluntarily
Skeletal muscle
Type of muscle tissue that contracts to beat the heart and begin the movement of blood
Cardiac muscle
Name for the muscle of the heart wall
Myocardium
Rate of contraction is altered by neural and hormonal control
Cardiac muscle
• Contracts to move food through the digestive system • Lines arteries to keep blood moving
Smooth muscle
• Lines the walls of hollow organs • Responds to nerve impulses as well as hormones and stretch
Smooth muscle
Highly vascularized connective tissue “wrappers” that hold muscle together or divide it into sections
Fasciae
Name of fascia that covers entire muscle
Epimysium
Name of fascia that covers fascicles
Perimysium
Name of fascia that covers individual muscle fibers
Endomysium
Connects muscle to bone
Tendon
A broad flat tendon
Aponeurosis
Name for muscle cells
Muscle fibers
Plasma membrane of a muscle fiber
Sarcolemma
Cytoplasm of a muscle fiber
Sarcoplasm