Term 1 Exam revision rocks
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Parent rock –>
Metamorphic rock
shale –>
Gneiss
Sandstone –>
Quartz
Limestone –>
marble
how are igneous rocks formed?
Magma is formed deep within the Earth’s crust or mantle, and it can rise to the surface through volcanic eruptions, or it can solidify below the surface to form intrusive igneous rocks.
how are metamorphic rocks formed?
when existing rocks are changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions
how are sedimentary rocks formed
the process: Weathering and erosion: The process of weathering and erosion breaks down rocks into small pieces, such as sand, mud, and gravel. Transportation: These small pieces of rock are then carried by water, wind, or ice to a new location. The transportation process can sort the sediments by size and shape. Deposition: The sediments eventually settle out of the water or wind and are deposited in a new location, such as the bottom of a lake, river, or ocean. Compaction and cementation: Over time, the weight of the sediments on top can compact the sediments below. As the sediments are compacted, they become more dense and hard. Minerals in the water can also fill in the spaces between the sediments and cement them together, creating a solid rock.
if you take any rock and place it under huge pressure with high temperatures then it will become a
metamorphic rock
when a rock is melted and then cooled, it becomes an:
igneous rock
Rock that is heated and compressed under great pressure becomes:
A metamorphic rock
What rocks are formed when existing rocks are broken down into tiny pieces (sediment) and then reformed over long periods of time through the processes of lithification, compaction, and cementation?
Sedimentary rock
intense heat causes rocks to liquefy into magma. once cooled and crystallised, igneous rocks are formed. This is called:
Melting
intense pressure and heat cause rocks to transform to metamorphic rocks. however, melting does not occur. This is called:
metamorphism
Sediment grains are squashed over time and minerals from the water cause them to stick together, forming sedimentary rocks. This is called:
compaction and cementation
extrusive igneous rocks are formed when:
they cool on the surface of the earth. they form little to no crystals because of how fast they cool
intrusive igneous rocks are formed when:
they cool and solidify beneath the earth’s surface. Due to the slower cooling process, intrusive rocks have larger crystals than extrusive rocks.
What is a clastic sedimentary rock?
when fragments of pre-existing rocks, minerals, and organic materials, are transported and deposited by wind, water, or ice
what is a organic sedimentary rock?
the remains of plants or animals that have accumulated and lithified over time. (lithify means loose sediment such as sand, mud, or shells can accumulate in layers and become compressed by the weight of the material above it.)
what is a crystalline sedimentary rock?
In nature, there are places where water has lots of dissolved minerals in it, like hot springs or caves. When the water comes out of these places and starts to cool down or dry up, the minerals can come out of the water and start to form crystals. Over time, these crystals can pile up and turn into a solid rock, called a crystalline sedimentary rock. Answer overall: rocks are formed from minerals that precipitate out of a solution, typically from water.
what is a regional metamorphic rock
A regional metamorphic rock is a type of rock that forms over a large area due to intense pressure and heat from tectonic activity.
what is a contact metamorphic rock?
A contact metamorphic rock is a type of rock that is formed when pre-existing rocks are altered by the heat and pressure from a nearby magma intrusion. The magma, which is hotter than the surrounding rock, can cause the rock to undergo a process called metamorphism, which involves changes in the mineral composition, texture, and structure of the rock.
how are fossils formed?
Fossils form when an animal or plant dies and its remains are buried in sediment. Over time, the remains become buried deeper and undergo permineralization, where minerals seep into the pores and spaces of the remains. If the conditions are right, the remains can become fossilized, leaving behind a rock-like replica of the original organism. When the sediment layers erode away, the fossils can become visible on the surface of the earth. Answer overall: 1: animal’s death 2: soft parts erode away (skin, muscles etc) 3: burial: by sediment 4: building of more layers