Reactions of Oxides w/ Acids|Bases
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How does the acid - base nature of Period 3 oxides change across the period?
It changes from basic → amphoteric → acidic
Which Period 3 oxides are basic?
Oxides of sodium (Na₂O) and magnesium (MgO)
Which Period 3 oxides are acidic?
Silicon dioxide (SiO₂), phosphorus (V) oxide (P₄O₁₀), sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and sulfur trioxide (SO₃)
Which Period 3 oxides are amphoteric and why is it amphoteric in regards to it bonding?
Aluminium oxide - Al₂O₃, it has both ionic and covalent character o it can react with both acids and bases
What is the general reaction of a basic oxide with an acid?
Salt and water
What is formed when Al₂O₃ reacts with an acid?
A salt and water
What happens when Al₂O₃ reacts with a base?
Forms aluminate ions in solution
What type of base does silicon dioxide react with and why?
Only strong bases since it has a giant covalent structure with strong bonds, making it unreactive
What is the equation for the reaction between silicon dioxide and sodium hydroxide?
SiO₂ + 2NaOH → Na₂SiO₃ + H₂O
How does silicon dioxide behave in reactions with bases?
It acts as a weak acid
What happens when calcium oxide reacts with silicon dioxide in the blast furnace?
Calcium silicate (CaSiO₃) is formed as slag
What is the equation for the formation of phosphoric acid from P₄O₁₀?
P₄O₁₀ + 6H₂O → 4H₃PO₄
What is formed when H₃PO₄ reacts with one mole of NaOH?
NaH₂PO₄ and water
What is formed when NaH₂PO₄ reacts with NaOH?
Na₂HPO₄ and water
What is formed when Na₂HPO₄ reacts with NaOH?
Na₃PO₄ and water
What is the overall equation for phosphoric acid reacting with sodium hydroxide?
3NaOH + H₃PO₄ → Na₃PO₄ + 3H₂O
What happens during each stage of phosphoric acid neutralisation?
A hydrogen ion is removed and combines with OH⁻ to form water, and Na⁺ replaces the hydrogen
What is formed when SO₂ reacts with NaOH?
Sodium hydrogensulfite (NaHSO₃)
What is formed when NaHSO₃ reacts with NaOH?
Sodium sulfite (Na₂SO₃) and water
What is formed when SO₃ reacts with sodium hydroxide?
Sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) and water
What happens when SO₃ reacts with water?
It reacts vigorously to form sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)
What is the equation for sulfuric acid reacting with sodium hydroxide?
H₂SO₄ + 2NaOH → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O
How does acidity change from SO₂ to SO₃?
SO₃ forms a stronger acid, so it is more acidic
Why do oxides become more acidic across Period 3?
The bonding changes from ionic to covalent, and covalent oxides react with water to form acids