Atomic Structure
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What is meant by the term atom?
The smallest particle of an element that consists of electrons surrounding a nucleus that contains protons and neutrons
What is meant by the term molecule?
Two or more atoms chemically joined together, forming an indentifiable unit The atoms can be from the same element, or a different element
What are the three sub-atomic particles?
Protons, neutrons and electrons
Where are the protons found in the atom?
The nucleus
Where are the neutrons found in the atom?
The nucleus
Where are the electrons found in the atom?
Orbiting in shells around the nucleus
What is the relative mass of a proton?
1
What is the relative mass of a neutron?
1
What is the relative mass of an electron?
0.0005 (basically 0)
What is the charge of a proton?
+1
What is the charge of a neutron?
0
What is the charge of an electron?
-1
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons in a nucleus
What is the mass number?
The number of protons and neutons in a nucleus
What is an isotope?
An atom with the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons Therefore they have the same atomic number but a differing mass number
What is meant by relative atomic mass?
The average mass of one atom of an element, taking into account abundances of isotopes (one unit is 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom) For example, oxygen’s relative atomic mass if 16
How do you calculate relative atomic mass from isotopic abundances?
(% of isotope A x mass of isotope A) + (% of isotope B x mass of isotope B) DIVIDED BY 100