Chapter 8.1 - Electric Charge
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The most fundamental rule of electrical behavior…
Like Charges Repel; Opposite Charges Attract
Why is Charge like a Baton in a Relay Race?
It can be passed from one object to another but can’t be lost.
Where do electrical forces comes from?
Particles in Atoms
Is the nucleus of an atom positively or negatively charged?
Nucleus is positively charged
Are the circling electrons positively or negatively charged.
Electrons are Negatively Charged.
All Electrons are what?
Identical: Same mass and same quantity of negative charge.
What is a nucleus composed of?
Protons and Neutrons
Size of proton compared to electron
Proton is 2000 times bigger than electron
Proton’s positive charge compared to magnitude of Electron’s negative charge.
Positive charge of proton is equal in magnitude to the negative charge of electron
Neutron’s mass and charge
Neutron has slightly greater mass than proton but no charge
How many Electrons vs Protons in an Atom
There are usually the same amount of electrons (negative) as protons (positive) in an atom so it has a zero net charge.
What will 2 positive charges do when put in contact?
They will repel one another
What will a positive and negative charge do when put in contact?
They will attract one another
If an atom has as many electrons as protons, what is the atom’s charge?
It has a net charge of zero (and is neutral) because the total positive charge balances the total negative charge exactly
If an electron is removed from a neutral atom, what is the charge of the atom?
The atom is positively charged: It has one more positive charge (proton) than negative charge (electron)
What is a Charged Atom Called?
An Ion
Did a Positive Ion gain or lose electrons?
Lost electrons
Did a Negative Ion gain or lose electrons?
Gained Electrons
Why are Electrons able to continue revolving around the Proton & Neutron Nucleus?
The positive and negative charges of the protons and electrons attract each other
What’s the difference between electrons that are close to the nucleus and electrons that are far away from the nucleus?
Electrons that are close to the nucleus are tightly held The electrons that are farther away are held loosely and can be easily dislodged
What determines how much energy it takes to tear an electron away from an atom
It varies depending on the type of substance
Are electrons held more tightly in wool & fur or in rubber & plastic
Rubber and Plastic- it takes more energy to tear their electrons away
If plastic and wool are rubbed together, whose electrons will transfer to whom?
The wool’s electrons will transfer to the plastic and make the plastic negatively charged; while the wool lost electrons and is positively charged
Define and Electrically Charged Object
An object that has unequal numbers of electrons and protons