Chapter 3

The amount of substance that contains 6.02 x 10^23 particles

The number of particles in each mole of carbon -12

The mass per mole of a substance G mol -1

The number of atoms of each element in a molecule

The simplest whole ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Compares the mass of a molecule with the mass of an atom of carbon 12

Compares thé mass of a formula unit with the mass of an atom of carbon 12 - substances that don’t exist as molecules

Water molecules are part of their crystalline structure

Weigh empty crucible Weigh c + hydrated salt Heat c Weigh c + anhydrous salt

Solution of known concentration

The balancing numbers that give the ratio of the amount of each substance

The maximum mass of a product that could be formed in a reaction

Shows the conversion of starting materials into desired product

• reactants may react in a different way then expected • reaction may not go to completion • may lose product

The reactant that is not in excess will be used up first and stop the reaction

A measure of how many atoms in the reactants form a desired product Atoms with higher atom economies produce fewer waste

Volume per mole of gas molecules at stated temperature and pressure

Random motion No intermolecular forces Negligible size Elastic collisions

Add sample of volatile liquid to a small syringe via needle Inject the sample into a gas syringe Rewrite the gas syringe Place gas syringe in boiling water bath Liquid vaporises producing a gas Record the pressure of the gas