all of year 10

• metallic • ionic (metal & non-metal) • covalent (non-metals) • giant covalent

eletrostation attraction between rows of metal cations and a sea of delocalised electrons

malleable and ductile because the layers of cations can slide

eletrostatic attraction between positive metal and negative non-metal ions

brittle (hard but easy to break)

electrostatic attraction between the bonding pair of electrons and bonded nuclei with weak intermolecular forces between molecules

a mixture of two or more elements one of which is a metal

because alloys have different sized atoms so the arrangement is more irregular so it is harder to bend / snap as the irregular atoms do not easily move over each other

the get more reactive as you go down

they all instantly tarnish in air due to oxygen producing a white oxide

alkali metals

• moves on surface of water • fizzes • floats • squeaky pop with flame • universal indicator turns blue

• moves on surface of water • fizzes • floats • squeaky pop with flame • universal indicator turns blue • melts into a ball

• moves on surface of water • fizzes • floats • squeaky pop with flame • universal indicator turns blue • purple flame • melts into a ball • exploded

• the outer electron is further away from the nucleus • there is less attraction = quicker transfer • the atos has more shells so the outer electron is more easily lost

• metal hydroxide • hydrogen

OH -

NO3 -

CO3 2-

SO4 2-

HCl

H2SO4

HNO3

halogens