Week 8
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What are the feeding structures of Bryozoans and Brachiopoda called
Lophophore
Platyhelminthes (flatworms) features
Acoelomate triploblastic organ level of organization protonephridia incomplete gut (no respiratory/circulatory systems) ventral nervous system monoecious with internal fertilization
What phyla does Lophotrocozoans include
Annelida (segmented worms), Mollusca (mollusks), and Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Features that unite Lophotrochozoans
Lophophores Trocophore larvae
Features of Turbellaria (planarians - free living flatworms)
Benthic (live at bottom) or marine and freshwater environments muscles systems extend circularly as well as longitudinally predators cilia on ventral surface for mobility flattened top to bottom (dorsoventrally)
Nervous system of turbellarians
Have centralization/cephalization - almost have a brain Net-like system of nerves that allow one side of the animal to communicate with the other, some have lateral cords that run the length of the animal and are connected by commissure branches Have sensory and motor nerves
are turbellarians monoecious or dioecious
monoecious copulation is an exchange of sperm direct development from hatching
What are teguments and why do trematodes have them
they are the outer epithelial layer protect against host defences for these parasites
What class are tapeworms
Cestoidea
What are the three regions of cestodes
• Scolex ○ Holdfast ○ Uses this to attach ○ Could have hooks and/or suckers • Neck ○ Constriction • Strobilus ○ Repeating units called proglottids § Produced from the neck ○ Proglottids undergo reproduction § Gravid
What are gravid protoglottids in tapeworms
Reproductive structures that break down and we have a sack of eggs that are released through the genital pore into the host
What is the one mollusca that does not have an open circulatory system
Cephalopods
Traits uniting mollusca
Snails, bivalves, octopus, squids etc. Triploblastic, coelomates Morphologically variable but clearly united * Head-foot (ventral) and visceral mass (dorsal) * Mantle and mantle cavity * Radula (chitinous) Trochophore larvae
General anatomy of molluscs
Head-foot is like a large muscular structure with a head at one end and the foot at the other Ventrally there is a visceral mass, covered by the mantle - Gas exchange - Secretes a shell Mantle cavity: forms space between mantle and head-foot Site of gas exchange Waste is dumped In some forms, gametes are released Gas exchange occurs across gill
What is a radula
Rasping structure Toothlike, hard structures that scrape food off of surfaces
Protonephridia
an excretory tube that lacks an internal opening