6.9 Group dynamics
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Explain what is meant by group dynamics
Individuals that have to work together to achieve a goal - this may include perfoming different functions to make the team unit complete
Identify what aspects are required for a successful group dynamic
• A collective identity (same kit gives a sense of pride) • Interaction with each-other (communication) • Share a common goal • Having mutual awareness (they depend on one another)
Identify and explain the theory regarding group dynamics
Tuckman’s model suggests that “There are four stages a group goes through in order to begin working together effectively:” • Forming • Storming • Norming • Performing
“There are four stages a group goes through in order to begin working together effectively:” • Forming • Storming • Norming • Performing
Tuckman’s model
Identify and explain the first stage suggested by Tuckamans model
• Forming: this is when group members get together. Roles and responsibilities are unclear. Members start to work together and decide if they fit in.
Identify and explain the second stage suggested by Tuckamans model
• Storming: is the stage of potential conflict as members may compete with each other for certain roles/responsibilities. Goals are unclear and boundaries of authority are pushed.
Identify and explain the third stage suggested by Tuckamans model
• Norming: conflict is resolved and the team begins to settle. The goal is clarified and there is greater commitment to achieving the goal. Group cohesion develops.
Identify and explain the fourth stage suggested by Tuckamans model
• Performing: players interact effectively as there is full commitment to achieving goals. Individuals roles and responsibilities are completely understood and respected.
Briefly explain what is meant by group cohesion
Team members working together to achieve a goal. There are two types of cohesion: • Task cohesion • Social cohesion
Explain and describe task cohesion
Task cohesion: when group members work together to meet a common goal. They do not socialise away from team, however, come together in the sporting environment. Team members rely on each-other.
Explain and describe social cohesion
Social cohesion: when group members get along with each other. They support and communicate inside and outside the sporting environment. Important in co-active sports where you perform individually but your effort contributes to a whole team performance.
“There are four factors or antecedents that affect task and social cohesion”
Carrons antecedents
Explain what Carrons theory of antecedents suggests
“There are four factors or antecedents that affect task and social cohesion” (PELT) 1. Personal 2. Environmental 3. Leadership 4. Team
Explain the factors or antecedents in Carrons antecedent theory
(PELT) • Personal: level of motivation or if characteristics are shared such as age, gender, ability • Environmental: location or size of group • Leadership: relationship between leader and group member • Team: the stability of the group, common experiences in victory or defeat
“The result of group effort could be based on an equation that sums up the influences on cohesion” AP = PP - FP
Steiner’s model of group performance
Explain Steiners model of group performance
“The result of group effort could be based on an equation that sums up the influences on cohesion” Actual Productivity = Potential productivity - Faulty process
Explain Steiners equation representing influences on cohesion
Actual Productivity = Potential productivity - Faulty process AP: the teams level of achievement in a task PP: the teams best possible level of achievement FP: Factors that go wrong in the team and prevent cohesion
Steiner suggested that teams face many problems which affect their productivity, such as:
• Co-ordination problems: communication • Team member failing to understand their role in the team • Lack of understanding strategies/tactics • Motivation losses • Social loafing