3.1.5 Kinetics
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What is rate of reaction?
Rate of reaction is the change in the amount of reactant or product over time
What does collision theory state
Reaction won’t take place between two particles unless the conditions are correct
What are the conditions in collision theory which allow reactions to take place (direction)?
Particles need to collide in the right direction (facing each other the right way)
What are the conditions in collision theory which allow reactions to take place (energy)?
Particles need to collide with at least a certain minimum amount of kinetic energy (activation energy)
Define activation energy
minimum amount of kinetic energy particles need to react
What is activation energy needed for?
this much energy is needed to break the bonds within reactant particles to start the reaction
How easily do reactions with low activation energies happen
Reactions with low activation energies often happen easily
How easily do reactions with high activation energies happen
Reactions with high activation energies don’t happen easily
Why does a Maxwell Boltzmann graph start at (0,0)
Because no molecules have zero energy
What does the peak of the curve on a Maxwell Boltzmann graph represent
Peak of the curve represents the most probable energy (Emp) of any single molecule
What does just right of the peak of a Maxwell Boltzmann graph show?
Mean average energy of all the molecules is a bit to the right of the peak
What does the area under a Maxwell Boltzmann distribution curve show
Area under a Maxwell Boltzmann distribution curve is equal to the total number of of molecules
How does temperature affect rate of reaction?
Increasing the temperature, increases rate of reaction
What happens to the proportion of molecules with at least the activation energy when temperature is increased
Greater proportion of molecules will have at least the activation energy and be able to react
What happens when you increase temperature in terms of energy
If you increase temperature, the molecules will on average have more kinetic energy and will move faster
What happens to molecules due to their increase in kinetic energy after a temperature increase
The molecules will be moving around quicker so they will collide more often
How will increasing temperature affect the shape of the Maxwell Boltzmann distribution curve?
Increasing temperature will push the Maxwell Boltzmann distribution curve over to the right
How will decreasing temperature affect the shape of the Maxwell Boltzmann distribution curve?
Decreasing temperature will the push the Maxwell Boltzmann distribution curve over to the left
Does changing temperature change the area under the Maxwell Boltzmann distribution curve?
No as number of molecules stays the same
Does changing temperature change the activation energy
Changing temperature doesn’t change the activation energy
How does increasing temperature affect the most probable energy
Increasing temperature increases the most probable energy
How does decreasing temperature affect the most probable energy
Decreasing temperature will decrease the most probable energy
How does concentration affect rate of reaction
Increasing concentration will increase rate of reaction
What does increasing concentration do to how close particles are together
If you increase the concentration of reactants in a solution, the particles will on average be closer together