Animal Nutrition Vocabulary
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AAFCO
American Association of Feed Control Officials: a regulating body that develops standards for uniformity for: definitions, policies for manufacturing, labeling, distribution, and sale of animal feeds
Abomasum
The fourth compartment or true stomach of the ruminant animal
Absorption
The process by which digested nutrients are taken into the bloodstream
Cecum
A pouch located at the point where the small intestine joins the large intestine which AIDS in the digestion of fibrous feeds
Crude Protein
The total amount of protein in a feed
Cud
Regurgitated food not fully digested in the rumen; the animal chews on this and then swallows again for further digestion
Diffusion
A method of absorption where the nutrients move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Digestion
The breakdown of food materials and the absorption of nutrients
Enzyme
A complex protein substance produced by the body that is necessary for biochemical reactions to occur
Metabolism
The physical and chemical processes that take place in an animal’s body that produce the energy necessary for the body’s activities
Monogastric
Having a simple stomach
Nutrient
A substance that promotes growth
Nutrition
Receiving a proper, balanced ration so that an animal can grow, maintain its body, reproduce, and produce what we expect from it
Omasum
The third compartment of the ruminant stomach
Osmosis
A method of absorption where nutrients under pressure move across semipermeable membranes from an area of higher coencentration to an area of lower concentration
Palatable
Good tasting
Peristalsis
Muscular contractions that cause food to move through the digestive system
Reticulum
The second compartment of the ruminant stomach
Roughage
A feed obtaining more than 18% crude fiber when dry
Ruminant
An animal that has a stomach divided into several compartments
Rumen
The first and largest compartment of the ruminant stomach