Unit 2.2
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What are hormones and where are they secreted?
Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted into the blood
Where are hormones produced?
In various endocrine glands
What are the hormones needed for this unit?
• Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) • Luteinising Hormone (LH) • Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH) • Testosterone • Oestrogen • Progesterone
What part of the brain releases FSH, LH, or ICSH and by what hormone produced where?
Pituitary gland is stimulated to release FSH, LH or ICSH by a releaser hormone produced in the hypothalamus
What hormones are released during puberty?
• FSH • LH • ICSH
What is the effect of FSH?
Promotes sperm production in the seminiferous tubules
What is the effect of ICSH?
Stimulates the production of testosterone by the interstitial cells
What is the effect of testosterone?
Stimulates sperm production and activates the prostate gland and seminal vesicles
What is the negative feedback control of testosterone?
• The pituitary gland releases FSH and ICSH • ICSH stimulates the production of testosterone by the interstitial cells • Testosterone produced in testes • High concentration of testosterone could be too much so secretion of FSH and ICSH by the pituitary gland is inhibited
What happens on day 5 of the menstrual cycle?
The bleeding stops and the lining of the uterus begins to regrow
What happens on day 14 of the menstrual cycle?
A mature egg is released from the ovary and heads to the uterus/fallopian tube
What hormones are involved in the hormonal control of the menstrual cycle and what do they do?
• FSH = Causes the maturation of an egg in the ovary • LH = Stimulated the release of the egg • Oestrogen = Involved in repairing the thickening of the uterus lining • Progesterone = maintains the uterus lining
What happens during the follicular phase?
• The pituitary gland releases FSH and LH • FSH causes follicle to develop and mature • The follicle/ovary releases oestrogen • The endometrium proliferates and viscosity of cervical mucus reduced. • High levels of oestrogen and LH surge causing ovulation • Negative feedback occurs due to increased levels of oestrogen which inhibit the release of FSH
What happens during the luteal phase?
• Occurs on days 14 - 28 • Egg is released. The follicle develops into a corpus luteum which secretes progesterone • Progesterone causes vascularisation of the endometrium to prepare for implantation • Levels of oestrogen and progesterone drop at the end of the cycle • Lack of LH causes corpus luteum to degenerate • Menstruation occurs
Why does the embryo maintain the corpus luteum and secrete progesterone?
If fertilisation occurs, this happens to prevent menstruation from taking place