3: Basic Chemistry
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True or false: Atoms are the smallest unit of matter.
FALSE: Atoms are made up of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Name the subatomic particles that make up an atom.
• Protons • Neutrons • Electrons
What is the charge and mass of a proton?
Positive charge and mass of 1U
What is the charge and mass of a neutron?
No charge and mass of 1U
What is the charge and mass of an electron?
Negative charge and mass of 0.0005U
What does U stand for in chemistry?
Atomic Mass Unit A unit of mass equal to a proton or neutron.
What are the two distinct regions of an atom?
• Nucleus • Electron cloud
What determines the atomic number (Z) of an atom?
The number of protons in the atom
What is an isotope?
An atom with different numbers of neutrons than “usual” - different amount then protons
What is an ion?
An atom with different numbers of electrons than “usual” - different amount then protons
What is the nucleus of an atom?
The center of the atom containing protons and neutrons.
What is the electron cloud?
The group of electrons surrounding an atom
What is an atomic mass unit
A unit of mass equal to a proton or neutron.
What does the number of protons determine
The type of element (eg an atom with 1 proton is always Hydrogen, as it has one proton)
What are the three types of bonds elements can form
Ionic, covalent and metallic bond
What is the difference between are element and a compound
An element consists of one atom, but a compound consists of two or more different atoms
What are three broad classifications of elements
Metals, Nonmetals and Semimetals
What is ductility and which group have this quality
Ductile things do not deform under tensile stress (and therefore be made into wires), and this is exhibited by metals
Are non metals malleable or brittle
Brittle (when have you ever heard of bending sulfur)
Are nonmetals lustrous or dull
Dull
Do metals conduct heat and electricity or not
They do
What are the properties of semimetals
Usually brittle and conductive, they are between nonmetals and metals
What is an atom
a unit of matter that can no longer be broken down via chemical interactions
In which type of reaction do elements and compounds combine to create a bigger molecule
combination reaction