Topic 9 - Metals
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What type of resources are metal ores?
Non-renewable
What process is used to extract metals from the ground?
Mining
What are the environmental impacts of mining?
Landscape scars, noise/air pollution, habitat destruction
What are the properties of copper?
Unreactive, malleable, good conductor of heat/electricity
What does malleable mean?
Can be bent easily into shape
What are 3 native metals?
Gold, platinum, silver
What is a native metal?
A metal that exists in the Earth’s crust as a pure metal
What is the most reactive metal?
Caesium
What is the least reactive metal?
Platinum
What is the reactivity of a metal linked to?
How easy it is to form its positive ion
What is a displacement reaction?
A more reactive element (metal) can remove a less reactive element (metal) from a compound.
What is a spectator ion?
An ion that doesn’t change position throughout the reaction
What is a reduction reaction?
When electrons or hydrogen are gained or oxygen is lost
What is an oxidation reaction?
When electrons or hydrogen are lost or oxygen is gained
What is the word equation for a metal reacting with water?
Metal + Water —> Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen
What happens when K reacts with water?
It reacts very quickly; the metal and hydrogen ignite instantly, sparking and burning with a lilac flame.
What happens when Na reacts with water?
Sodium fizzes rapidly and melts to form a ball that moves around on the water surface.
What happens when Li reacts with water?
Lithium fizzes steadily and floats, becoming smaller until it eventually disappears.
What is the word equation for a metal reacting a dilute acid?
Metal + Acid —> Salt + Hydrogen
Which metals don’t react with dilute acids?
Copper, silver, gold, platinum
Which metals react with dilute acids but not cold water?
Magnesium, Aluminium, Zinc, Iron* and Lead* *Slowly
Which metals are reactive enough to react with cold water?
Potassium, sodium, lithium
Why are most metals only found as compounds?
The metal has reacted with other elements in the past.
Why is carbon used to extract metals?
Reducing a metal with carbon will result in the extraction of the metal if the metal is lower in the reactivity series than carbon, cheap and abundant.