Exam 2 Adaptive immunity Activation

to produce cytokines which will activate other immune cells

Naive CD4+ T cell

TH1 secretes IL-2 and IFN gamma to activate CD8+ cells (gamma also activates macrophages)

TH2 secretes IL-4 and IL-5 to activate B cells

IL-4 and IL-5 both produced by TH2

IL-2 and IL-gamma which is produced by TH1 cells (macro by gamma)

CTL-Cytotoxic T cells: destroy infected cells (endogenous, intracellular) by releasing perforins which embed into the cell membrane-secrete granzymes into target and trigger apoptosis of infected cell; can recognize more than one cell!

perforins which embed –> granzymes –> apoptosis of endogenous/intracellular

endogenous/intracellular infections

Many! not one and done

shot, processed, 8-25 a.a. long fragments of antigens presented to them by MHC

Antigen Presenting Cells-bind antigens, engulf them, digest, and present on surface as antigenic peptides (epitopes) to TCR

APC cells

Macrophages as APCs, chronic inflammation as holding off until adaptive comes, Dendritic cells as APC, NK cells as (?) and more?

Macrophages (innate), B cells (adaptive), and dendritic cells (innate)

migratory cells that recognize pathogens nonspecifically (PAMPS)-carry antigen to lymph system-process and present antigen to T cells-deliver a costim signal to interacting T cell to activate them

PAMPS non-specifically

MHC receptors

MHC receptors in humans

CD8+ cells –> cytotoxic T cells

CD4+ cells –> helper T cells

MHC1-except RBC and APCS

II

T cell receptor binds to variable parts of MHC protein to form peptide binding groove; the co receptor (glycoprotein) binds to the invariant part of the MHC protein, far away from the groove –> stabilization