1.6
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What are ethical issues?
• What is right or wrong • Acting in a responsible way and ensuring that no harm is caused to others in terms of computer technology
Ethical issues examples?
• Losing/changing jobs • Access to technology is not equal due to the digital divide • Invasion of privacy • Responsibility for content on the internet • Efficiency: robots are able to work 24/7
What are culture issues?
• Ideas, behaviour, beliefs and values of a group of people
Cultural issues examples?
• Censorship to prevent political unrest • Preserve culture • Social pressure to keep up • Impact on how people communicate • Digital divide
Environmental issues examples?
• Manufacturing uses fossil fuels • Limited natural resources • Data centres use 2% of global energy • Contains hazardous materials
How are computational technologies disposed?
• Harmful materials including: dioxins, mercury and radioactive isotopes • Often shipped to countries with lower standards for disposal • People go through waste looking for metals to be recycled and sold, exposed to danger
Privacy issues examples?
• Devices are always on • Voice activated devices • Rise in CCTV • Rise in GPS tracking • Rise in facial recognition
Data Protection Act 2018
• Must be processed transparently • Collected for specified purpose • Limited to what is necessary • Must be up to date • Must not be kept longer than necessary • Ensure appropriate security of personal data • Controllers must be able to prove their protective measures are sufficient
Computer Misuse Act 1990
Illegal to make unauthorised access to data: - With the intent to commit further offences - With the intent to modify data
Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988
• Illegal to copy, modify or distribute software, music, intellectual property • Without permission from the author
What are the key stakeholders?
• Customers: price and convenience • Staff: jobs and salary • Company: profits and reputation • Community: environment and jobs
What is open source software?
• Can modify and distribute software • Can be installed on any number of computers • Support provided by community • Have access to source code • May not be fully tested • e.g. firefox, linux, python
What is proprietary software?
• Cannot modify software • Paid for and licensed per device • Supported by developers • No access to source code • Tested prior to release • e.g. windows, macOS, adobe