Part 2
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what is electronegativity?
measure of the attraction an atom has for electrons in a chemical bond
what is Zeff (effective nuclear charge)?
the attractive pull of the nucleus for electrons
what type of bond is likely between a group 1 or 2 element and a group 7 element?
ionic bond
what type of bonding is characterized by high melting and boiling point due to strong electrostatic forces between ions?
ionic bond
what type of bond is most likely to occur between elements with similar electronegativities ?
covalent bond
what type of bond is most likely between elements with a difference in EN greater than 1.7?
ionic bond
which bonding involves a transfer of electrons?
ionic
what type of bonding involves sharing of electrons?
covalent
which bond contains weak intermolecular forces?
covalent
bond length and bond energy characterize what type of bond?
covalent
which is the shortest covalent bond; a triple bond, double bond or single bond?
triple bond is shortest
which is the strongest covalent bond; triple, double, single?
triple; bond strength increases as the number of shared electrons increases
what is the formula for formal charge?
f.c. = # valence electrons - 1/2(# electrons shared) - # electrons owned
what are resonance structures?
two or more different lewis structures for same molecule
what is a resonance hybrid?
the hybrid representation of multiple resonance structures combined into the real” structure”
is a lewis structure with larger or smaller formal charges preferred?
smaller = better
in lewis structures, where is a negative formal charge most stable?
on the more EN element.
what determines if a covalent bond is polar or nonpolar?
the difference in electronegativities between atoms
under what circumstances do polar covalent bonds exist?
between atoms with small differences in EN values
what is a dipole moment?
in polar covalent bonds, the more EN element is delta- and the less EN is delta+ ; forming a dipole moment
in a dipole moment what direction does the vector arrow point?
from positive to negative