Atomic Structure
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
Outline the relative mass and relative charge for each of the subatomic particles.
Proton: mass:1 charge:+1 Neutron: mass:1 charge:0 Electron: mass:1/2000 charge:-1
What identifies an element?
The atomic(proton) number.
Why are atoms electrically neutral?
They contain equal numbers of protons and electrons in which their charges cancel out.
What are positive and negative ions called?
Positive: cations Negative: anions
Why do isotopes have similar chemical properties?
Because they have the same number of outer electrons.
How does the energy of the electron shells change with distance from the nucleus?
Shells further from the nucleus have higher energy than those closer to the nucleus.
What is another name for shell number?
Principal quantum number.
How does the shell number relate to distance from the nucleus?
The further the shell is from the nucleus, the higher its energy and the larger its shell number.
Do all the electrons in the same shell have exactly the same energy?
No, they can have slightly different energies.
How are electron shells divided to show different energies?
Shells are divided into sub-shells.
Name the sub-shells.
s,p,d, and f sub-shells. each sub-shell has different energies.
What is an orbital and how many electrons can each one hold?
An orbital is a bit of space that an electron moves in. Each one holds up to 2 electrons,.
Do orbitals within the same sub shell have the same energy?
Yes.
Outline the number of electrons that fit into each type of sub shell.
S - 1 orbital - 2 electrons max P - 3 orbitals - 6 electrons max D - 5 orbitals - 10 electrons max F - 7 orbitals - 14 electrons max
Outline the sub shells and electrons in the first 4 energy levels.
1st - 1s - 2 max electrons 2nd - 2s 2p - 8 max electrons 3rd - 3s 3p 3d - 18 max electrons 4th - 4s 4p 4d 4f - 32 max electrons
How do electrons fill orbitals within a sub shell?
Electrons fill orbitals singly first before pairing up following the arrows (Hund’s rule).
What is the correct filling order of sub shells?
1s - 2s - 2p - 3s - 3p - 4s - 3d - 4p
How are elements classified in the periodic table?
As s-block, p-block or d-block elements depending on which sub shell their outer electron is.
What determines the chemical properties of an element?
Number of outer electrons.
Which sub shell fills first, 4s or 3d?
4s.
Why do Cr and Cu have exceptions in their electron configurations?
They donate 1 4s electron to the 3d sub shell to become more stable with a full or half full d sub shell.
Outline Cr and cu actual electron configuration.
Cr= 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s3, 3p6, 3d5, 4s1 Cu= 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6 , 3d10, 4s1
Which electrons are lost first when transition metals form ions? Give the rule.
4s electrons are lost first then 3d electrons. The rule is that 4s is first in but also first out.
What is ionisation?
When electrons are removed from an atom.