B14

• Organisms produce lots of offspring • They show genetic variation • some better suited to environment so survive when change occurs • They possess beneficial genes • They breed and pass on these genes/beneficial alleles

• Find female that produces large volumes of low fat milk • Breed with male whose previous offspring produced large volumes of low fat milk • Further breed over more generations with original cows till you can no longer interbreed

ADVANTAGES: Animals produce more milk/meat Domestic dogs with gentle nature Disease resistance in crops Large or unusual flowers DISADVANTAGES: Less variation More prone to disease Inherited disorders

1) Isolate gene that codes for human insulin 2) Enzyme cuts out gene 3) Insert gene for human insulin into a vector (bacterial plasmid) 4) replace plasmid into bacteria and grow 5) divide by binary fission creating more insulin

• Nucleus removed from unfertilised egg • Adult body cell,skin cell, removed from animal and inserted into egg • electro fusion stimulated the egg to divide and form embryo • contains same genetic information as adult cell • when developed into balls of cells insert into surrogates womb for further development