LO 1.2 - Roots
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Question What are the Key functions of Roots? Name 4 things. Roots
• Anchorage • Absorption • Storage • Growth Roots
Question What is Anchorage? Roots
Roots anchor plants firmly in the ground and provide support for vertical growth. Roots
Question What is Absorption? Roots
Water and nutrients such as minerals are absorbed by roots and transported through the plant to the locations where they are needed. Roots
Question What is Storage? Roots
Many plant species use roots as a storage organ, primarily for carbohydrates. Roots
Question What is Growth? Roots
Dividing cells in the root cap are responsible for the elongation of root. (Primary growth) Roots
Question What are some secondary functions of Roots? 4 things Roots
• Prevent soil erosion. • Mechanical support. • Climbing. • Nitrogen Fixation. Roots
Question How do roots prevent soil erosion? Roots
Prevent soil erosion – roots help hold the soil matrix firmly. Roots
Question How do roots give mechanical support? Roots
Mechanical support - Roots can provide stability to the plant. Eg, In Maize and sugarcane stilt roots developed on the lower part of node which provide mechanical support to the plant. Roots
Question How do roots help in climbing? Roots
Climbing – roots can help weak stemmed plants to cling and climb. Example Ivy Roots
Question What is Adventitious Root? Define it, remember it. Roots
Adventitious root Roots that grow from the stem base / also formed on cuttings. They do not develop from the radical of the seed. Roots
Question What are Fibrous roots? Define it, remember it. Roots
Fibrous roots Are a fine network of branching roots. Roots
Question What are Lateral roots? Define it, remember it. Roots
Lateral roots Grow out at right angles from parent root. Roots
Question What is the Primary root? Define it, remember it. Roots
Primary root First roots that grow from the seed. Roots
Question What are Root hairs? Define it, remember it. Roots
Root hairs Single celled ext of the epidermal cells, close to the growing root tip. Roots
Video Root hairs in detail. 1 minute watch.
Root Hairs * Root hairs exist so plants can take up more water/minerals . * They consist of a nucleus, large vacuole, cytoplasm and mitochondria. * No chloroplast – So no photosynthesis takes place in the roots. Root hairs video Click for a 1 minute watch.
Question What are Tap roots? Define it, remember it. Roots
Tap root * Where a plant has just one large fleshy root that is significantly larger than any lateral roots. Roots
Info Graphic Adventitious Roots This example in Strawberries. Roots
Adventitious Roots In Strawberries. Roots
Info Graphic Tap Roots vs Adventitious Roots Comparing Tap to Adventitious roots. Roots
Tap Roots vs Adventitious Roots Comparing Tap to Adventitious Roots. Roots
Question Stolons are not part of the root system. So what are Stolons? Roots
Stolons * Are horizontal connections between organisms. * They are a **stem NOT a root **that produce nodes from which new plants form. Example in Strawberries, Runners are Stolons. Roots
Info Graphic Stilt Roots on Maize
Stilt Roots on Maize
Info Graphic Tuberous Roots Roots
Tuberous Roots Roots
Question What are Tuberous Roots? Roots
Tuberous root Is an enlarged fleshy root modified as a storage organ with shoots produced at one end and roots produced at the other. Roots
Info Graphic Don’t confuse Tuberous roots with other Storage Roots. Roots
Potatoes and Dahlia’s are Tuberous Bulbs, Carrots, Onions and Beetroot are not. Roots
Question What are Aerial Roots? Roots
Aerial roots are roots that are above ground. They are grown for support. Ivy plants have them to cling to structures, such as stone walls, or other trees. Aerial Roots Roots
