Animal Nutrition & Growth: Feedstuffs, Nutrients, Nutrition for Monogastrics and Ruminants

Grains - High in energy - Low in protein Example: Corn- Energy = 100% Protein =7.1-10%

Corn, barley, molasses, milo, oats, wheat

• High in fiber • Low in protein • Low in energy

Silage, grass, corn silage

• High in fiber • High in protein • Low in energy

Hay, Alfalfa

• Contain 2.25 times more energy than carbs • Added in feed to supply: energy, dust control, essential fatty acids

Animal fats and plant oils

• Protein concentrates - High in protein - low in energy

• Vegetable Oil: soybean meal, cottonseed meal, linseed meal • Animal protein: meat meal, fish meal - causes fishy odor

• Energy feeds • Roughages and forages • Fats and oils • Protien feeds

• Water • Carbohydrates • Fats • Proteins • Minerals • Vitamins

• Most important nutrient • Universal solvent • Most available nutrient

• Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen • Starch primary source

• More carbon and hydrogen • 2.25 times more energy/lb than carbs • Energy and fatty acids

• Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen • Simple protiens contain only amino acids • Complex proteins contain additional non amino acid substances

• Chemical elements other than ones above • Macro minerals: required in larger amounts • Micro minerals: required in smaller amounts

• Organic nutrients needed in small amounts • Fat soluble: A, D, E, K • Water soluble: Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), biotin, choline, B12, folic acid, Niacin, thiamin, riboflavin b

• Steady state at which the animal is not gaining or losing weight • Maintenance energy is used to maintain basal metabolism

• Semen, ova, ovum production • Fetal growth and development • Animal growth • Milk, meat, eggs, wool production

• Concentrates (Cereal grains: corn, wheat, barley) and Oil Meal (SBM, CSM, LSM) are the most common feed • Low in fiber • High in digestable energy

Swine, poultry, equine. Animals with only one stomach

• Grasses (pasture) and forages (hays) • High in fiber • Low in digestable energy

Energy