Functional Groups
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Functional group Definition General Formula Reactions
Functional group: Alkanes Definition: group of saturated hydrocarbons General formula: CnH2n+2 Reactions: Combustion, substitution
Functional group Definition General Formula Reactions Empirical formula
Functional group: Alkenes Definition: Unsaturated compounds as they have at least 1 double bond General Formula: CnH2n Reactions: Combustion, addition Empirical formula: CH2
Functional group General Formula
Functional group: Alkynes General Formula: CnH2n-2
Functional group General formula Reactions Formation
Functional group: Alcohols General formula: Cn H2n+1 OH Reactions: Oxidation, combustion, elimination (dehydration) Formation: fermentation, hydration of alkenes
Functional group General formula Formation Reactions
Functional group: Carboxylic acids General formula: Cn H2n+1 COOH (n=number of carbon atoms in molecule -1) Formation: Oxidation by fermentation, use of oxidising agents Reactions: - acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen - acid + bass -> salt + water - acid + carbonate-> salt + water + carbon dioxide
Functional group Reactions General formula
Functional group: Haloalkanes Reactions: with the halogens General formula:
Functional group Reactions General formula
Functional group: Haloalkanes Reactions: with the halogens General formula: