Bonding 2

A solid in which electrons saturate a band and a considerable gap exists between the completely filled band and the next available one

Electrical properties intermediate between metals and insulators; in semiconductors the forbidden energy gap is relatively small and can be overcome by thermal means of a moderate electrical field

Unlike metals, semiconductors are substances with electrical conductivities that increase with increasing temperature

A solid in which the band gap is so small that some electrons from the VB will occupy energy levels in the CB

Electrons in the upper level resulting from the slight electron population in the conduction band

Results when the slight electron population in the conduction band causes these to form in the lower level

A substance that is normally an insulator but if small amounts of atoms are introduced into the lattice become semiconducting

Process of introducing the impurity

Formed when a doping atom possesses more external electrons than the parent atom.

The donor band is close to the conduction band, and the thermal excitation of electrons from the donor band to the empty conduction band enables a current to flow; charge carriers are negative electrons

Created when the impurity has less external electrons than the parent atom and lies close to and above the filled silicon valence band

The charge carriers are positive holes; the process in the valence band can also be seen as a hole moving across a row of atoms, in the direction opposite to the flow of electrons

Consist are f s p-type semiconductor that’s in close contact with an n-type semiconductor

A few electrons of the n-zone migrate spontaneously toward the p-type zone; the migration confers a - charge to the p-zone and a + charge to the n-zone

The accumulation of charge at p-n junctions

When the junction offers a resistance to the current flow; no current can flow through the system; happens if p-zone is connected to the negative pole and the n-zone the positive pole of a battery

Current can flow freely; happens when p-zone is connected to the positive energy pole and n-zone the negative pole; flow of e- occurs in the normal direction

P-n junctions allows the current to flow only in the direction of direct polarization so an AC is turned into a DC

Made by insetting a p-type semiconductor between two n-type semiconductors; creating 2 interfaces and attaching the (+) & (-) poles so that one applied potential increases the supply of carriers to another potential

Acts as an amplifier, when a n-p-n transistor is inserted b/w 2 circuits where I can then take the current in one circuit and produce a proportional current in the other one at a higher potential

When covalent bonds form b/w a transition metal and a polar molecule like water or ammonia

Molecules that consist of a transistor metal ion bonded to polar molecules via a coordinate covalent bond; H3B-NH3

A molecule that donates a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond

A molecule that accepts a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond