Module 3e: Automation
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The process whereby an analytical instrument, apparatus or system operates and performs many tests with only minimal involvement of an analyst or human intervention
Automation
Type of analysis in which many specimens are grouped in the same analytical session.
Batch analysis
The transport of a quantity of analyte or reagent from one specimen reaction into and contaminating a subsequent one.
Carryovee
Type of analysis in which each specimen in a batch pass through the same continuous stream at the same rate and is subjected to the same analytical reactions.
Continuous flow analysis
Type of analysis in which the sample is aspirated into the sample probe and then is delivered, often with reagent, through the same orifice into a reaction cup or another container.
discrete analysis
Type of analysis in which each specimen is subjected to multiple analytical processes so that a set of test results is obtained on a single specimen
Multiple-channel analysis
Type of analysis in which all specimens are subjected to a series of analytical processes at the same time and in a parallel fashion.
Parallel analysis
The most common configuration of an automated analyzer, in which analyses are performed on a collection of specimens sequentially and each specimen is analyzed on a different selection of tests.
Random access analysis
Type of analysis in which each specimen in a batch enters the analytical process one after another, and each result or set of results emerges in the same order as the specimens are entered.
Sequential analysis
Type of analysis in which each specimen is subjected to a single process so that only results or a single analyte are produced
Single channel analysis
The number of specimens processed by an analyzer during a given period of time, rate of processes
throughput
Dedicated to a defined task and contains appropriate laboratory instrumentation to carry out that task.
workstation
Resolves the major consideration of uniformity in the performance of tests because each sample follows the same reaction path.
Continuous flow
Advanatge of continuous flow approach
asssist laboratory that needs to run many samples requiring same procedure
disadvantages of continuous flow
waste of continuously flowing reagents significant carry over problems
Utilizes the force generated by centrifugation to transfer and then contain liquids in separate cuvettes for measurement at the perimeter of a spinning rotor.
Centrifugal analysis
Major adavantage of Centrifugal analysis
batch analysis
most popular and versatile, and have almost completely replaced continuous-flow and centrifugal analyzer
Discrete analysis
Have the capability of running multiple tests one sample at a time or multiple samples one test at a time.
discrete analysis
Three basic approaches with instruments:
Continuous flow Centrifugal analysis Discrete analysis
The general steps employed in automated analyzers are collectively known as
unit operations
The most sophisticated approach in sample identification that is commonly used today .
Bar code label
Provide rapid specimen transportation and are reliable when installed as point-to-point services
Pneumatic Tube
drawback of pneumatic tubes
misrouting of carriers hemolysis due to acceleration