6.Organic molecules (FUNCTIONAL GROUPS)
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Give the functional group for an alkane and give the suffix
There is no functional group -ane
Give the functional group for an alkene and give the suffix
C=C -ene
Give the functional group for an alcohol and give the prefix and suffix
R-O-H -hydroxy (prefix) -ol (suffix)
Give the functional group for a carboxylic acid
COOH C double bonded to O on top. C single bonded to O-H on bottom -oic acid
Give the functional group for a halogenoalkane and give the prefix
R-x chloro- bromo iodo-
Give the functional group for an aldehyde and give the suffix
COH -> O double bonded to C on one brach, H on the other - al
Give the functional group for a ketone and give the suffix
C=O –> Functional group has to be in the middle of 2 carbons - can’t be at the end with a hydrogen -one
Give the functional group a nitrile
C≡N
Give the functional group for an amine + suffix
N-H-H amine
What is a branched alkane + prefix
Alkane attached to another alkane -yl ( eg methyl)
Describe the rules for naming compounds using IUPAC system
1) Find and name longest continuous carbon chain (not always horizontal) 2)Functional group tells your prefix / suffix 3) number the carbon chain so that the functional group sits on lowest possible carbon number 4) Make note of carbon number attached to functional group. Place this number before suffix eg: Butan-1-ol 3) any side chains (methyl with 1 carbon, ethyl with 2 etc) are added as a prefix in alphabetical order —> if more than 1 side chain use di, tri or tetra before that part of name - be sure to include number as well eg: 2,4- dimethylpentan-1-ol
Define homologous series
Organic compounds that have the same functional group and general formula so they have similar chemical properties
Define what is meant by the general formula
An algebraic formula that can describe any member of a homologous group e.g. CnH2n+2
Describe what is meant by the structural formula
a formula that shows the arrangement of atoms in the molecule of a compound. e.g. CH3CH2CH2OH
Describe what is meant by the displayed formula
Shows every atom and every bond in an organic compound
What is a skeletal formula
Skeletal formula shows the bonds of carbon skeleton only with functional group. /\/\OH Eg: this has 4 carbons and an alcohol (c1, c2, c3, c4 at top and bottom of lines )
Give the name that corresponds to the number of carbons
Meth - 1 Eth - 2 Prop - 3 But - 4 Pent - 5 Hex - 6 Hept - 7 Oct - 8 Non - 0 Dec - 10
What does brackets show in the structural formula eg: CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH3
Shows the branched alkane attached to the alkane