Chapter 9- Swine Industry
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What are the leading states
• Iowa (25% of all production) • Illinois • Missouri • Michigan
Where is pork produced the most
Midwest where the corn belt is located. North central states lead in production
How many litters can a sow have and how many pounds is it
-2 litters -10 pigs a litter 20 pigs in total times 200lbs equals 4000lbs a year
What are some differences in reproduction from the bull and cow
• polytocous • more uterine horn, small uterine body • average litter 9 to 10 pigs
When does the female hit puberty
4 to 7 months of age
What is the size of the gilt at puberty
150 to 250 lbs
How long is the estrus
1-5 days
How long is estrous
21 days
When do board reach puberty
5 to 8 months
What is the size of the boar when it reaches puberty
175 to 250 lbs
When should a gilt be bred
Third estrus, you get 2-3 extra pigs
When should a sow be bred
12-24 hours after onset of heat
What are the practices used for mating
• hand (single) vs. lot (group) - put one boar with one sow, allow to breed and then remove the boar
What is flushing and when should it be done
It increases feed to mating of gilts 4 to 5 days before breeding
What is the gestation length
114 days or 3 months, 3 weeks, and 3 days
When is the critical time
30 to 35 days into gestation
What is special about the embryos
• Has separate embryonic fluid - They function separately without effecting others
How much salt is needed and what are the deficiency symptoms
• most commonly needed mineral • requires 0.2-0.5% of their ration - Deficiency Symptoms - results in depraved appetite - poor growth
What is phosphorus and calcium needed for and what are deficiency symptoms
-needed for skeletal growth -balance is critical Deficiency symptoms -Lameness -Paralysis of rear end -add limestone
What is iodine used for and deficiency symptoms
-needed for: growth, gestation, and lactation -used by thyroid: to produce thyroid hormones -regulates body temperature Deficiency symptoms -goiter -loss of hair -feed iodized salt
What does iron do and what are the deficiency symptoms
-Needed for hemoglobin formation -prevent anemia: occurs during suckling -loss of appetite, become weak and inactive Deficiency symptoms -baby pig thumps -accelerated heart beat
How do you prevent iron deficiency
• two injections of iron on day 3 and 21 days of age - include in rations
What is zinc needed for and what are deficiency symptoms
-needed for proper skin health and growth Deficiency symptoms -swine dermatosis -sloughing of skin
What are the vitamin B’s
• Biotin • Pantothenic acid • Thamine • Niacin • Riboflavin and vitamin B12