Ch03
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Define Natural Selection
Differential survival & reproduction of individuals that possess heritable characteristics. Acts on individuals, does not changes characteristic of individuals
Define 3 conditions that needs to be met for natural selection
• Variation: Individuals in population differ from one another • Inheritance: Some variation that are inherited by offspring from parents • Differential reproductive success: Individuals with certain traits are more successful than others at surviving & reproducing in their environment
What is one major sources of variation?
mutation
Define evolution
Change in allele frequencies in a population over time
To understand natural selection, what to we need to understand?
how interplay between genotype & environment determines phenotype
Define norm of reaction
a curve that shows how expression of a genotype depends on environmental conditions
Define adaptation
an inherited trait as a direct result of NS that makes an organism more fit to its environment primary for its present function
Define exaptation
a trait that serves one purpose today, but evolved under different selection conditions & served a different function in the past
Define Life history strategy
a species’ schedule & manner of investment in survival & reproduction
Define Trade-off
a situation that prevents optimizing two different characters or two different aspect of a character at once
Define Antagonistic pleiotropy
alleles that perform best in one set of conditions may perform worse in another
Name Possible original functions of feathers
1) retaining heat, 2) shielding from sunlight 3) signaling 4) facilitating tactile sensation, as whiskers do 5) prey capture 6) defense 7) waterproofing