17. Nuclear Chemistry
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What is meant by a”radioisotope”?
An atom with an unstable nucleus
Why causes some nuclei to be unstable?
Incorrect proton:neutron ratio
What is the “band of stability”?
A region for elements where the p:n ratio is within stable limits
What is meant by “ionising radiation”?
Radiation with energy to knock electrons off atoms.
What are the 3 types of ionising radiation?
Alpha Beta Gamma
What are the penetrative powers of radioisotopes?
Deflection of radioisotopes in electric field
Uses of radioisotopes
Controlling paper / plastic / metal thickness using radioisotopes
Beta radiation
Detecting leaks in pipes using radioisotopes
Beta
Radioisotopes in smoke detectors
Alpha (Americium 241)
Radioisotopes in food and medical equipment
Gamma
What is meant by “decay” of a nucleus?
The emission of 1 or more types of radiation to achieve a stable nucleus.
What is half-life?
The time taken for half the nuclei in a given sample to decay.
Prediciting decay of nuclei.
There is no way of knowing which nuclei will decay only taht a certain number will in a given time
What affects the half life of a particular radioisotope?
Nothing • not state • element or compound • not pressure • not ion or atom