Structure 3.2
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Naming organic compounds
Named off of the longest C chain and functional groups (position of func group is given from whichever end it is closest to)
Naming esters
Use two separate words
What groups have the functional group first when naming organic compounds?
Alkyl, halogenalkanes and ethers
Empirical formula
Simplest whole number ratio
Molecular formula
Shows the actual numbers of atoms present in a molecule
Full structural formula
2d representation showing atoms and bonds and their positions relative to one another in the compound
Skeletal formula
Representation of the structural formula C and H atoms are not shown but the end of each line and each vertex represent a C atom
Hydrocarbons
Compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen
Boiling points of alkanes trend
As n inc so does the bp as the London dispersion forces inc with the inc mass and surface area
Structural isomers
Compounds with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms
How to find whether a molecule is primary, secondary or tertiary
how many r groups are attached to it
Naming Halgenoalkanes steps
• Select the largest carbon chain. This is the parent alkane name. • Number the chain to give the halogen(s) the lowest possible number. • Use the prefix fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo- in front of the alkane. • Put the number(s) in front to identify which carbon of the chain the halogen is attached to. • Use the prefixes di (2), tri (3) or tetra (4) if there are more than one of the same halogen.
Chain isomers
Differ in the length of the longest C chain
Position isomers
Differ in position of the functional groups within the molecule
Functional group isomers
Differ in the type of functional group present in the molecule. May have very different chemical and physical properties.