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Carbohydrates 2 pt.2

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

#1
Front (Question)

Measurement of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) _ has no effect on the test

Back (Answer)

Dietary status

#2
Front (Question)

Measurement of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) Specimen:

Back (Answer)

EDTA Whole blood

#3
Front (Question)

Measurement of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) Methods:

Back (Answer)

Electrophoresis, Immunoassay, HPLC, and Affinity Chromatography

#4
Front (Question)

Measurement of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) Interferences:

Back (Answer)

Alcohol, Vitamins (Retinol and Ascorbate), Drugs (Salicylates and Opiates), and abnormal hemoglobins (HbF, HbS, HbC)

#5
Front (Question)

Measurement of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) Interpretation of Results: ○ _ indicates a normal HbA1C result

Back (Answer)

<5.7%

#6
Front (Question)

Measurement of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) ● Interpretation of Results: indicates increased risk of diabetes (pre-diabetes)

Back (Answer)

5.7 - 6.4%

#7
Front (Question)

Measurement of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) ● Interpretation of Results: ○_ on at least two occasions is indicative of DM

Back (Answer)

> 6.5 % (more than or equal)

#8
Front (Question)

Reflects short-term glucose control over 2–3 weeks

Back (Answer)

Fructosamine

#9
Front (Question)

Useful for diabetics with hemolytic anemia, Hb variants (S or C), or shortened RBC lifespan.

Back (Answer)

Fructosamine

#10
Front (Question)

Not recommended if plasma albumin <30 g/L, as it may underestimate levels

Back (Answer)

Fructosamine

#11
Front (Question)

Fructosamine Methods:

Back (Answer)

Chromatography, enzymatic, and immunoassay

#12
Front (Question)

Fructosamine Reference range:

Back (Answer)

205 - 285 umol/L

#13
Front (Question)

It is a congenital deficiency of one of the three enzymes involved in galactose metabolism

Back (Answer)

Galactosemia

#14
Front (Question)

Galactosemia Three enzymes:

Back (Answer)

○ Galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase ○ Galactokinase ○ Uridine diphosphate galactose-4-epimerase

#15
Front (Question)

Clinical feature: Jaundice, hepatomegaly, easy bruisability, galactosuria, E. coli sepsis, cataract, hypotonia, and sensory neural defects

Back (Answer)

Galactosemia

#16
Front (Question)

Galactosemia Diagnostic test:

Back (Answer)

Erythrocyte galactose-1-PO4 uridyl transferase activity

#17
Front (Question)

Intravenous Galactose Tolerance Tests ● Done for _ (decreased glucose levels)

Back (Answer)

Type 1 Glycogen Storage Disease

#18
Front (Question)

Intravenous Galactose Tolerance Tests Serial blood specimens are collected for _ _ interval for testing

Back (Answer)

2 hours at 15 minutes

#19
Front (Question)

Essential Fructosuria ● It is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by

Back (Answer)

fructokinase deficiency

#20
Front (Question)

Fructokinase catalyzes the conversion of fructose to fructose-1- phosphate

Back (Answer)

Essential Fructosuria

#21
Front (Question)

Essential Fructosuria Diagnostic test:

Back (Answer)

presence of fructose in the urine

#22
Front (Question)

A defect in fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase activity is seen in the liver, kidney and intestine.

Back (Answer)

Hereditary Fructose Intolerance

#23
Front (Question)

Rationale: Inability to convert fructose-1-phosphate and fructose- 1,6-bisphosphate into dihydroxyacetone phosphate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and glyceraldehydes

Back (Answer)

Hereditary Fructose Intolerance

#24
Front (Question)

Clinical features: Irritability, lethargy, seizures and hepatomegaly

Back (Answer)

Hereditary Fructose Intolerance